¹ú²ú͵ÅÄ

Targeting the immunosuppressive adenosine-axis to overcome T-cell γc cytokine signaling blockade and enhance antitumor immunity inhepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer and ranks as the 5th leading cause of cancer-related death in the U.S. Effective treatment for HCC remains challenging due to the complex immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Our region bears a disproportionate burden, with approximately twice the incidence of HCC compared to other populations and particularly pronounced differences in outcomes among those residing in Texas. Despite advances in immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4, clinical success is limited, with low overall response rates observed in only a small subset of HCC patients. Addressing the immunosuppressive effectors of the HCC TME is therefore crucial for the development of more effective cancer therapies.